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Rough Riders Memorial
The Rough Riders Memorial is a memorial in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia, in the United States that commemorates those members of the "Rough Riders" who died in the Spanish–American War in 1898. The grey granite shaft was erected by surviving members of the Rough Riders and their friends and supporters. Although Arlington National Cemetery, a number of secondary sources, and even the bronze plaque on the memorial claim the monument was dedicated in 1906〔("Rough Riders Memorial." Monuments and Memorials. Exploring the Cemetery. Visitor Information. Arlington National Cemetery. No date. ) Accessed 2013-06-20.〕〔Peters, p. 258; Dodge, p. 60; Atkinson, p. 29.〕 (and one source even says 1905),〔Andrews and Davidson, p. 27, 60.〕 contemporary newspaper accounts clearly show the memorial was dedicated on April 12, 1907.〔"Unveil Monument." ''Washington Post.'' April 13, 1907.〕〔"Roosevelt Tells The Joy of Battle." ''New York Times.'' April 13, 1907.〕
==The Rough Riders==
The Spanish–American War was a ten-week conflict that occurred in the spring and summer of 1898. Cuba had been waging a war of independence against Spain since 1895, an effort largely supported by the United States (which had extensive economic interests on the island). To ensure the safety of American citizens and property in Cuba, the United States sent the battleship to Havana in late January 1898. The ''Maine'' exploded and was destroyed with large loss of life on February 15, and war was mutually declared on April 25.〔Trask, p. 57.〕
With only 25,000 men in the United States Army but more than 100,000 needed to prosecute the war, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt convinced Secretary of War Russell A. Alger that he could raise an all-volunteer force of 1,000 men and form a cavalry regiment. Alger offered Roosevelt a commission in the Army as a full colonel in command of a regular regiment, but Roosevelt declined.〔Lansford, p. 46.〕 Alger agreed to Roosevelt's volunteer scheme, and Roosevelt resigned his post on May 6, 1898.〔Hendrickson, p. 104.〕 Roosevelt was commissioned a lieutenant colonel of volunteers, and declined command of the regiment (due to his military inexperience) in favor of his friend, Colonel Leonard Wood. Although formally named the "1st United States Volunteer Cavalry", the press nicknamed the regiment the "Rough Riders" because most of the men were cowboys, frontiersmen, railroad workers, Native Americans, and similar "rough" people from the West.〔
The 1,060 Rough Riders departed their training camp in San Antonio, Texas, on May 29, and arrived in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, on June 19.〔Hutton, p. 286-287.〕 They participated in the Battle of Las Guasimas on June 24, during which they successfully turned the right flank of a retreating Spanish Army force with superior weapons and more men.〔Hutton, p. 288-290.〕 On July 1, the regiment participated in the Battle of San Juan Hill, during which it successfully charged Kettle Hill (the famous "charge up San Juan Hill") and dislodged another Spanish force with superior firepower.〔Hutton, p. 291-294.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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